Diabetes
Mellitus (diabetes) is a disease caused by metabolic disorders, namely
the way the body uses digested food that has to be used as energy and
growth. Digestive
system to process some of the food into sugars, or glucose which then
flowed into the circulatory system sebahagai fuel for cells throughout
the body.
Insulin
(a hormone produced by the pancreas) in charge of delivering glucose to
the cells of the body so that cells no shortage of food. Under normal circumstances, the pancreas produces enough insulin to regulate sugar levels in our body.
Diabetes
mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease that is usually characterized by
peniggian blood sugar levels (hyperglycemia) as a result of disruption
of insulin secretion, insulin work, or both.For
some types of diabetes, glucose entry into cells is limited, resulting
in a buildup in the blood, while others are discarded through the urine.
Someone
said to suffer from diabetes mellitus according to the results when the
body’s sugar level examination at the time of fasting> 126 mg / dl
and> 200 mg / dl after fasting. Meanwhile, normal blood sugar levels healthy persons are <120 mg / dl at fasting and <140 mg / dl during fasting.
Increased
blood sugar levels after eating and drinking stimulates the pancreas to
produce insulin, thus avoiding any increase in blood sugar levels and
cause further decline slowly to normal. Furthermore,
a normal blood sugar levels tend to increase gradually after entering
the age of 50 years, especially in people who are not actively
exercising.
We
can conclude, that lifestyle does not refer to health, fiber-poor diet,
lack of exercise, and often drinking alcohol is the main cause of the
emergence of diabetes mellitus. In addition, there are also
some other factors such as obesity (obesity), offspring (hereditary),
and a diet high in fat and low carbohydrate.
Symptoms of Diabetes Mellitus
Early symptoms of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is associated with the
direct effects of high blood sugar levels. If blood sugar levels reach
above 160-180 mg / dl, the glucose will be excreted through urine. If
higher, the kidneys will get rid of extra water to thin the number of
glucose is lost. Because the kidneys remove excess urine normal dosage,
the patient will often pee / urine (polyuria). Consequently, they will
often feel thirsty and need lots of drinking (polydipsia). In addition,
most patients experienced significant weight loss as a result of the
loss of a number of calories into the urine. The effect, they will also
often experience hunger and want to eat in excess (poliphagia).
Here are common symptoms of diabetes mellitus:
- Often sleepy
- Frequent urination
- Often hungry and thirsty
- Quick tired
- Drastic weight loss
- Itching, especially around the genitals
- Irritable
- Average death or pain in the lower body
- Nausea and vomiting
- Raised blood sugar levels (hyperglycemia)
- Blurred vision
Various Types of Diabetes Mellitus
So far, there are four types of diabetes, ie Type 1 diabetes, Type 2
diabetes mellitus, diabetes mellitus Type Specific, and diabetic
pregnancies. For more details, see the explanation below.
Type 1 DM
This type of diabetes caused by destruction of pancreatic beta cells as insulin producing so that the patient suffers from a shortage of insulin. Consequently, the question must be injected with insulin on a regular basis. This type suffered one of the 10 diabetic patients who mostly occur before the age of 30 years. The scientists believe that environmental factors (such as viral infections or nutritional factors in childhood or early adult-right) causes damage to the immune system in pancreatic beta cells. DM type 1 has a tendency to be genetically transmitted.
This type of diabetes caused by destruction of pancreatic beta cells as insulin producing so that the patient suffers from a shortage of insulin. Consequently, the question must be injected with insulin on a regular basis. This type suffered one of the 10 diabetic patients who mostly occur before the age of 30 years. The scientists believe that environmental factors (such as viral infections or nutritional factors in childhood or early adult-right) causes damage to the immune system in pancreatic beta cells. DM type 1 has a tendency to be genetically transmitted.
Type 2 DM
This type of diabetes caused by impaired insulin secretion and insulin resitensi so that the patient’s body does not respond to insulin normally produced by the body and form their own immunity so that the relative shortage of insulin. This type usually occurs at age above 30 years and approximately 80% of patients are obese.
This type of diabetes caused by impaired insulin secretion and insulin resitensi so that the patient’s body does not respond to insulin normally produced by the body and form their own immunity so that the relative shortage of insulin. This type usually occurs at age above 30 years and approximately 80% of patients are obese.
Specific Type DM
This type of diabetes caused by genetic factors (genetic damage pancreatic beta cell) is also due to the consumption of drugs or chemicals.
This type of diabetes caused by genetic factors (genetic damage pancreatic beta cell) is also due to the consumption of drugs or chemicals.
DM Pregnancy
This type of diabetes occurs in approximately 2-5% of all pregnancies, but only temporary and will recover after childbirth. However, he was potentially harmful to health of pregnant women and fetuses, as well as increase the risk of birth defects in the fetus and congenital heart disease in infants. In addition, about 40-50% of patients with this type to be patients with type 2 diabetes later in life.
This type of diabetes occurs in approximately 2-5% of all pregnancies, but only temporary and will recover after childbirth. However, he was potentially harmful to health of pregnant women and fetuses, as well as increase the risk of birth defects in the fetus and congenital heart disease in infants. In addition, about 40-50% of patients with this type to be patients with type 2 diabetes later in life.
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